Stress & Mental Health

The Central nervous system is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. It is referred as central because it combines information from the entire body and coordinated activity over the whole organism. CNS disorders can affect either the brain or the spinal cord which conclusion in psychiatric disorders or neurological disorders. The causes of CNS diseases are the neurology, trauma, autoimmune disorders, infections, structural defects, degeneration and tumours. So here we target on mood disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia and autism. Meningitis is an almost rare infection that affects the delicate membranes called meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord. By infection or allergic reactions, inflammation of brain occurs, it is known as Encephalitis.

Neuromuscular disorders affect the nerves that control your own voluntary muscles. Voluntary muscles are the ones which we can control by our self like in your arms and legs. Your nerve cells also called as neurons, send the messages that control these muscles. When the neurons become delicate or die, communication between your nervous system and muscles breaks down. As a result, your muscles weaken and waste away this weakness can lead to twitching, cramps, aches, pains, and joint and movement problems. Frequently it also affects heart function and your ability to breathe.

Depression is a common and severe therapeutic sickness that harmfully affects how you feel the manner you ruminate and the way you react. Luckily, it is also curable. Depression causes feelings of unhappiness and/or a loss of curiosity in actions once enjoyed. It can lead to a diversity of sensitive and physical complications and can deduce a person’s capability to function at work and at home. Depression indications can differ from slight to severe and can comprise.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be a sort of anxiety illness that a private could develop when being concerned in, or witnessing any traumatic events. The disorder was initial recognized in troopers and has been recognized by multiple names, reminiscent of 'shell shock'. However it is not solely diagnosed in troopers however conjointly a good vary of excruciating experiences will cause anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorder could also be represented contrarily in some situations: if associate degree individual’s symptoms develop over six months when experiencing trauma, this may well be selected as 'delayed PTSD' .If someone old trauma at associate degree early age or it continued for an extended time, you would possibly be associate degree analysis of 'complex PTSD'. Anxiety disorder that develops when a stunning expertise of labour is additionally called 'birth trauma'.

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a mood disorder that happens every year at the same time. Experts believe that SAD may be related to these hormonal changes. One theory is that less sunlight during fall and winter leads to the brain making less serotonin, a chemical linked to brain pathways that regulate mood. When nerve cell pathways in the brain that regulate mood don't function normally, the result can be feelings of depressive, along with symptoms of fatigue and weight gain. Traditional antidepressants are often used to treat seasonal depression. Bupropion XL is currently the only medication that is FDA-approved specifically to prevent major depressive episodes in people with SAD.

Social anxiety avert their gazes, show fewer facial expressions, and show difficulty with initiating and maintaining conversation. Trait social anxiety, the stable tendency to experience this nervousness, can be distinguished from state anxiety, the momentary response to a particular social stimulus. Social anxiety is nervousness in social situations. The function of social anxiety is to increase arousal and attention to social interactions, inhibit unwanted social behaviour, and motivate preparation for future social situations.

 Sexual abuse is considered as an undesirable sexual action with culprits harassment force generating threats or mistreatment of victims helpless to express consent. Once force is instant, short period or random, it is characterized as sexual assault. The term also covers any activity by a grownup or older teen towards a toddler to arouse any of the tangled sexually. The use of a youngster or other individuals younger than the age of consent, for sexual encouragement is mentioned as child sexual abuse or statutory rape. Substance use disorder (SUD) also called as drug use disorder; it is a state in which the exploitation of one or more constituents leads to a clinically important injury or pain. Although the term element will confer with any physical matter, 'substance' throughout this situation is limited to psychoactive drugs.

Panic disorder is spotted in those that expertise impulsively out-of-the-blue panic attacks and area unit engrossed with the apprehension of a repeated attack. Panic attacks occur suddenly, typically even all over sleep. An attack sometimes passes in 5-10 minutes; however it will stay for hours. It can sense like you’re having a heart failure or a stroke. If left untreated, panic disorder will characteristically cause agoraphobia, a powerful worry of being external or in bounded spaces. Psychological trauma might set in after a disturbing or dangerous event. Victims might mature extreme anxiety or PTSD, or they will have on going problems with relationships and self-esteem. But several overcome trauma, proposing motivation to others who have had life-altering damaging experiences. Panic disorder is spotted in those that expertise impulsively out-of-the-blue panic attacks and area unit engrossed with the apprehension of a repeated attack. Panic attacks occur suddenly, typically even all over sleep. An attack sometimes passes in 5-10 minutes; however it will stay for hours. It can sense like you’re having a heart failure or a stroke. If left untreated, panic disorder will characteristically cause agoraphobia, a powerful worry of being external or in bounded spaces. Psychological trauma might set in after a disturbing or dangerous event. Victims might mature extreme anxiety or PTSD, or they will have on going problems with relationships and self-esteem. But several overcome trauma, proposing motivation to others who have had life-altering damaging experiences.

Stress may be a response to risk or burden. Under stress we may have an inclination to feel worried, tensed, or on edge. The stress reaction is usually physical, too. Stress generates a stream of a hormone called adrenaline; this hormone provisionally affects the nervous system of a person. Stress will have a consequence on each ways that displaying emotion and physically, and it will have an effect on the means someone acts. Insomnia can be initiated by medical situations and psychiatric conditions, specific constituents, unhealthy sleep behaviour or certain biological factors. Insomnia can be a difficulty with too much wake effort or too little sleep effort. Insomnia itself will create variations in attitude and shifts in hormones and physiology will cause each psychiatrically problems and insomnia at the same time.

Anxiety disorders are a cluster/element of mental disorders categorized by feelings of anxiety and terror. It’s a usual emotion. For example, you may feel anxious when encountered with a problem at work, before writing an exam, or before making an essential decision.  Anxiety disorders are diverse, though. They are assembly of mental ailments, and the suffering they cause can keep you from carrying on with your life generally. These feelings might cause physical indications, such as unsteadiness and reckless heart rate. There is a diversity of anxiety disorders: comprising generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective autism. Anxiety disorder is a brolly term that comprises various situations:

 Panic disorder: You feel fear that attacks suddenly. During a panic attack, you may also sweat, have chest pain, and feel shakiness. At times you may sense like you’re choking or having a heart attack.

 Social anxiety disorder: Also called social phobia, this is when you feel devastating and self-awareness about normal social conditions

Specific phobias: You feel strong terror of a particular thing or circumstances, such as altitudes or hovering.

 Generalized anxiety disorder: You feel extreme, impractical concern and tension with slight or no purpose.

 A child and adolescent psychiatrist offers families the advantages of a medical education, the medical traditions of professional ethics, and medical responsibility for providing comprehensive care. The child and adolescent psychiatrist uses knowledge of biological, psychological, and social factors in working with patients. Child and adolescent psychiatrists can be found through local medical and psychiatric societies, local mental health associations, local hospitals or medical centres, departments of psychiatry in medical schools, and national organizations like the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the American Psychiatric Association.

Neurotic depression is an emotionally unstable person. An ordinary dictionary definition of a neurotic is an emotionally unstable individual A definition of neurotic-reactive depression would include those patients who suffer from a depression in the context of chronic gross personality problems and a history of a stormy lifestyle. One of the most venerable debates in psychiatry has been whether patients with neurotic-reactive depressions deserve to be considered as suffering from a separate illness or disease when compared to those patients who suffer from an "endogenous depression.

The people facing the stress now they part of life. In this stress, either physiological or biological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. The stress management refer to spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person’s levels of stress. Some of the common strategies and techniques are: Self-monitoring, tailoring, material reinforcement, social reinforcement, social support, self-contracting, contracting with significant other, shaping, reminders, self-help groups, and professional help.

The Mental Illness is affecting your behaviour such as way of behaviour, your stage of mind and significant distress of personal functioning. This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain, often in a social context. A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health. A mental health concern becomes a mental illness when on-going signs and symptoms cause frequent stress and affect your ability to function. There classification below

 Neurodevelopmental disorders

 Somatic symptom and related disorders

Sleep-wake disorders

Other mental disorders

 A psychological disorder is a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Psychopathology is the study of psychological disorders including symptoms, causes and treatment. The term psychopathology can also refer to the manifestation of a psychological dysfunction.

Geriatric psychiatry emphasizes the biological and psychological aspects of normal aging, the psychiatric effect of acute and chronic physical illness, and the biological and psychosocial aspects of the pathology of primary psychiatric disturbances of older age. Geriatric psychiatrists focus on prevention, evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders in the elderly and improvement of psychiatric care for healthy and ill elderly patients.

Mental health is a major concern worldwide and India is not far behind in sharing this. If we evaluate developments in the field of mental health, the pace appears to be slow. Dr. Brock Chisholm, the first Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1954, had presciently declared that “without mental health there can be no true physical health. More than 60 years later, the scenario has not altered substantially. About 14% of the global burden of disease is attributed to neuropsychiatric disorders. The burden of mental disorders is likely to have been underestimated because of inadequate appreciation of the inter-play between mental illness and other health disorders.  There remain considerable issues of priority-setting based on the burden of health problems and of addressing inequalities in relation to determinants and solutions for health problems.